Future technology

I need to got ono of these ;p

Google e-books

More google e-books get it or regret it.I'm also still reading it, and here i share it with you

Google Adsense Secrets

Google Secrets How To Get A top 10 Ranking

How to Hacker

There is a community, a shared culture, of expert programmers and networking wizards that traces its history back through decades to the first time-sharing minicomputers and the earliest ARPAnet experiments. The members of this culture originated the term 'hacker'. Hackers built the Internet. Hackers made the Unix operating system what it is today. Hackers run Usenet. Hackers make the World Wide Web work. If you are part of this culture, if you have contributed to it and other people in it know who you are and call you a hacker, you're a hacker.

modern Zen poem has it:

To follow the path:
look to the master, follow the master, walk with the master, see through the master, become the master.

read this how to hacker e-book

BIOS Beep Code

What is a BIOS Beep Code?

When you power on a computer the BIOS immediately takes control of the computer and performs the P.O.S.T (Power On Self Test). At the end of the POST the computer will play an audible 'BEEP' through either the PC's internal speaker of through speakers attached to the sound card (if you have a built-in sound chip). If the POST completed successfully without detecting any problems with then system will play a single short beep to let you know the test is complete and the computer will continue to startup and load the operating system.

If during the POST the BIOS detects a problem it will normally display a visual error message on the monitor explaining what the problem is. However, if a problem is detected before the BIOS initializes the video card, or a video card is not present or not detected then the BIOS will play several 'BEEPS' through the speaker to let you know there is a problem. Depending on the type of the BIOS you have the BIOS may play beeps in a specific pattern to indicate what the problem is, or play the same beep a number of times indicating the problem. It is very important that you pay close attention to the number and/or pattern of the beeps your computer plays on startup.

Below is a table of the most common AMI, Phoenix and Award BIOS beep codes.

AMI (American Megatrends International) BIOS Beep Codes.
AMI BIOS uses beeps of the same length and pitch. The error is displayed as a number of beeps. For example, 4 beeps indicated a timer failure.

BEEP CODE	MEANING	POSSIBLE CAUSE
1 Beep (No video)	Memory refresh failure	Bad memory
2 Beeps	Memory parity error	Bad memory
3 Beeps	Base 64K mem failure	Bad memory
4 Beeps	Timer not operational	Bad motherboard
5 Beeps	Processor error	Bad processor
6 Beeps	8042 Gate A20 failure	Bad CPU or Motherboard
7 Beeps	Processor exception	Bad processor
8 Beeps	Video memory error	Bad video card or memory
9 Beeps	ROM checksum error	Bad BIOS
10 Beeps	CMOS checksum error	Bad motherboard
11 Beeps	Cache memory bad	Bad CPU or motherboard

Award BIOS Beep Codes
Award BIOS uses beeps of varying duration. A long beep will typically last for 2 seconds while a short beep will last only 1 second. Award BIOS also uses beeps of different frequency to indicate critical errors. If an Award BIOS detects that the CPU is overheating it may play a high pitched repeating beep while the computer is running.

BEEP CODE	MEANING	POSSIBLE CAUSE
1 Long, 2 Short	Video adapter failure	Bad video adapter
Repeating (Endless loop)	Memory error	Bad memory or bad connection
1 Long, 3 Short	Video adapter failure	Bad video adapter or memory
High freq. beeps (while running)	CPU is overheating	CPU fan failure
Repeating High, Low beeps	CPU failure	Bad processor

Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes

Phoenix BIOS uses beep code patterns to indicate problems. In the table below the '-' indicates a brief pause between beeps.

Example: 1 - 1 - 2 would sound like BEEP BEEP BEEP BEEP

BEEP CODE MEANING POSSIBLE CAUSE 1 - 1 - 2 CPU / motherboard failure Bad CPU / motherboard 1 - 1 - 3 CMOS read/write failure Bad motherboard 1 - 1 - 4 BIOS ROM failure Bad BIOS chip 1 - 2 - 1 Timer failure Bad motherboard 1 - 2 - 2 DMA failure Bad motherboard 1 - 2 - 3 DMA failure Bad motherboard 1 - 3 - 1 Memory refresh failure Bad memory 1 - 3 - 2 64K memory failure Bad memory 1 - 3 - 3 64K memory failure Bad memory 1 - 3 - 4 64K memory failure Bad memory 1 - 4 - 1 Address line failure Bad memory 1 - 4 - 2 Parity error Bad memory 1 - 4 - 3 Timer failure Bad motherboard 1 - 4 - 4 NMI port failure Bad motherboard 2 - 1 - 1 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 1 - 2 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 1 - 3 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 1 - 4 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 2 - 1 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 2 - 2 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 2 - 3 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 2 - 4 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 3 - 1 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 3 - 2 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 3 - 3 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 3 - 4 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 4 - 1 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 4 - 2 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 4 - 4 64K memory failure Bad memory 2 - 4 - 4 64K memory failure Bad memory 3 - 1 - 1 Slave DMA failure Bad motherboard 3 - 1 - 2 Master DMA failure Bad motherboard 3 - 1 - 3 Interrupt controller failure Bad motherboard 3 - 1 -4 Slave IC failure Bad motherboard 3 - 2 -2 Interrupt Controller failure Bad motherboard 3 - 2 - 4 Keyboard control failure Bad motherboard 3 - 3 - 1 CMOS batter failure Bad CMOS battery 3 - 3 - 2 CMOS configuration error Incorrect setting 3 - 3 - 4 Video memory failure Bad video card or memory 3 - 4 - 1 Video init failure Bad video card or memory 4 - 2 - 1 Timer failure Bad motherboard 4 - 2 - 2 CMOS shutdown failure Bad motherboard 4 - 2 - 3 Gate A20 failure Bad motherboard 4 - 2 - 4 Unexpected interrupt Bad processor 4 - 3 - 1 RAM test failure Bad memory 4 - 3 - 3 Timer failure Bad motherboard 4 - 3 - 4 RTC failure Bad motherboard 4 - 4 - 1 Serial port failure Bad motherboard 4 - 4 - 2 Parallel port failure Bad motherboard 4 - 4 - 3 Coprocessor failure Bad motherboard or CPU. 9 - 2 - 1 Video adapter incompatibility Use a different brand of video card

Windows XP Myth

Myth Definition - "A fiction or half-truth, especially one that forms part of an ideology." There are numerous Myths floating around the Internet regarding Windows XP, especially relating to Optimizations and Security.

Myth - "Windows XP requires a high end PC to install and run."

Reality - "Windows XP can be installed on surprisingly low system requirements contrary to popular opinion. With the average life cycle of a regular PC being roughly 4-6 years, just about any PC being used today can run Windows XP. The following requirements are Microsoft's "official" minimum system requirements which I have tested to work fine with the exception of only 64 MB of RAM (performance is poor). Increasing your RAM to 128 MB would be the only upgrade I would strongly consider as my absolute minimum Windows XP system requirements."

233 MHz CPU (300 MHz Recommended) *
128 MB Recommended (64 MB of RAM minimum supported, limits performance and some features) *
1.5 GB of available hard disk space *
Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher-resolution video adapter and monitor
CD-ROM or DVD drive
Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device

download this e-book to read more. Click here

Google Hacks!!

ever wonder how people works in google? watch this clip

download e-books on google hacks here.Worth a reading though!!

Macgyver

remember this series?..he's one of my childhood heroes!!
download the unofficial Macgyver How-To Handbook here

It's All About The Pentiums

Successful negotiations - 7 easy steps

Whether you covet a new job, a raise, a business deal, a new car, some new bling, or need to rectify a problem with a loved one, the ability to play ‘deal maker’ is your secret weapon to achieving the result you want. In my opinion, one of the greatest strengths of very successful business people is their ability to out negotiate with others to achieve their desired result. Negotiating doesn’t need to be back and forth, point-counterpoint banter. I’ve found that the most proficient negotiators manage these conversations in such a way that the other party likely does not even know they are engaged in a bargaining process. The bottom line is simple: if there is something you want that is in someone else’s control, knowing how to negotiate will stack the odds in your favor. The key is to be tough but fair.

1. First and foremost, be prepared to walk away. This is single most
important strategy to getting what you want out of life. If you aren’t prepared to
say, “No” and mean it; then you are likely to end up settling for a lesser
outcome. Before entering into the negotiation, know in advance exactly what you
are and are not willing to concede, so that you do not need to process this
information on-the-fly without adequate time to weigh the pros and cons of
each.

2. Know when to forego all together. A good deal comes together quickly – a
bad deal takes way too long. Take a clue from the amount of time it’s taking to
get what you want. If you have to “force it,” chances are it will come back to bite
you later on.

3. Deal at the right level. Nothing is more frustrating than trying to do a deal
with an individual who can’t make the final decision. It’s like negotiating against
yourself – you address an issue and try to come to a conclusion and then the
other person takes that to someone else “behind the scenes” only to come back
and say it can’t be done on those terms. It’s far more efficient and effective to
find the right person to negotiate with directly, “(wo)mano y (wo)mano.”

4. Due diligence to come prepared. The more information you have
surrounding the circumstances of your endeavor, the “marketplace,” for example,
the more likely you are to not only prevail, but also get the best deal possible.
While you may actually prevail by shooting in the dark, not knowing the extent of
the opportunity could result in your leaving a lot on the table. Whether it’s the
average pay for a given job, the price typically paid for a product or a service, or
who you are in competition with for a new position – knowledge is truly power.

5. Don’t take anything personally. To maintain objectivity, treat every
negotiation as if you are doing a deal for someone else who has hired you as the
professional “closer.” When you allow yourself to get emotionally involved,
rational thought often goes by the wayside and you’re far more likely to concede
to your later regret. Cool heads get the best, and most, out of what they are
seeking.

6. Anticipate objections. Prior to the negotiation, brainstorm all the reasons or
objections that may prevent you from getting what you want – and prepare a
thoughtful counterpoint for each, one at a time. During a negotiation, people
conjure all sorts of reasons why something can’t be done, many of which are
often bogus. Until you know the valid sticking point, you are just spinning your
wheels.

7. Don’t underestimate Karma. What goes around indeed comes around. The
best deal is one where both parties walk away feeling positive about the result of
the negotiation. The worst deal is that where one side leaves the table feeling

Monitoring Physical Threats in the Data Center

Traditional methodologies for monitoring the data center environment are no longer sufficient. With technologies such as blade servers driving up cooling demands and regulations such as Sarbanes-Oxley driving up data security requirements, the physical environment in the data center must be watched more closely. While well understood protocols exist for monitoring physical devices such as UPS systems, computer room air conditioners, and fire suppression systems, there is a class of distributed monitoring points that is often ignored. This paper describes this class of threats, suggests approaches to deploying monitoring devices, and provides best practices in leveraging the collected data to reduce downtime.

download this e-book to readmore

INFORMATION ON VIRUS

1. How to create a sample file virus file ?

This particular codes is taken from www.eicar.org. It is meant for virus test file BUT it doesn't have any effect on your computer.

STEP 1
You can type this code below : X5O!P%@AP[4PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*

STEP 2
Save it into eicar.com.txt using notepad.

STEP 3
Rename this file to eicar.com, and your antivirus will detect this as a virus.

2. How to test this code HEURISTICALLY ?

You can change some of the codes as below :

Smith1.Txt
X5O!P%@AP[4PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDING-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
(Changed STANDARD to STANDING)

Smith2.Txt
X5O!P%@AP[4PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICON-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
(Changed Eicar to Eicon)

Smith3.Txt
X5O!P%@AP[4PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICON-STANDING-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
(Changed EICAR to EICON, and STANDARD to STANDING)

Smith4.Txt
X5O!P%@AP[4PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$BALLZ-STINDORK-ANTISACKS-TEST-FORK!$H+H*
(Random Words)

Smith5.Txt
X5O!P%@AP[4PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$!$H+H*
(Completely removed text string)

Smith6.Txt
X5O!P%@AP[42233PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
(Additional Numbers added to binary)

Smith7.Txt
X5O!P%@AP[42233PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$RAIC-TARNDARD-ILIKESMOKE-TUST-FULE!$H+H*
(Inserted Random letters with addition numbers added into binary)

Smith8.Txt
X5O22!P%@AP[4PZX5422(P^)7CC)7}$!$H+H*
(Removed text string, inserted 22 twice into string to break up signature)

Command AV 4.90.4 Results:
Started scan: 6/14/2004 4:33:03 PM

C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith1.txt Infection: EICAR_Test_File.unknown?
C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith2.txt Infection: EICAR_Test_File (exact)
C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith3.txt Infection: EICAR_Test_File.unknown?
C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith4.txt Infection: EICAR_Test_File.unknown?
C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith5.txt Infection: New or modified variant of Trivial
C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith6.txt Infection: New or modified variant of Trivial
C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith7.txt Infection: New or modified variant of Trivial
C:DownloadsSmithTestSmith8.txt Infection: New or modified variant of Trivial

3. How antivirus works?

Antivirus scans all files (executables and non-executrable files) looking for a pattern or virus signature. If the pattern is found, then the file will be cleaned. The pattern is in HEX form e.g EA779078... (I juz make this one out for example sake).

Actual example of hex codes or sometimes known as footprint codes are listed below (NOTE: Ox means the number is in HEX format; so if 0x57 means 57 in hex)
(1) Stoned virus [stoned]
 0x00 0x53 0x41 0x52 0x06 0x56 0x57 0xbe
(2) Ping Pong virus - version B [Ping]
&nbsp0xa1 0xf5 0x81 0xa3 0xf5 0x7d 0x8b 0x36 0xf9 0x81
(3) Friday 13th virus [Fri13]
&nbsp0xb4 0x4f 0xcd 0x21 0x73 0xf7 0x58

Actually, a binary file (executable file) or document (e.g. MS Word document) can be read easily by opening the file with the flag 'rb' (read binary). You can see the content in HEX. You can try do a project to simulate the output like in Ethereal. If you read MS Word document, you can see it in ASCII or HEX, but if the file is already secured with a PASSWORD, then you cannot see anything that can be understood.

You can also see the content of a file easily by downloading a free software called FileAnalyzer, very easy to use and I recommend that u try it.

SUN TZU'S ART OF WAR

1. "All warfare is based on deception. Therefore, when capable pretend to be incapable; when active, inactive; when near, make the enemy believe that you are far away; when far away, that you are near."
2. "Hold out baits to lure the enemy; feign disorder and strike him. When he has the advantageous position, prepare against him; when he is strong, avoid him. If he is prone to choleric temper, irritate him."
3. "Victory is the main objective in war. If this is long delayed, weapons will be blunt and the ardour of the soldiers will be dampened."
4. "Fighting to win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the supreme skill. However to the enemy's resistance without fighting is the supreme skill."
5. "A general is like the spoke of a wheel. If the connection is tight and complete, the wheel will be strong and so will the state; if the connection is defective, then the state will be weak." - to make decision, you MUST have a lot of CONCRETE data/information.
6. "If you know yourself and know your enemy; in a hundred battles you will never fear the result. When you you know yourself but not your enemy, your chances of winning and losing are equal. If you know neiher yourself nor your enemy, you are certain to be in danger in every battle."

Article of Human Rights

I have found this article year ago and just found it in my PC. You should read it

On December 10, 1948; three years after World War II had ended, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This document laid out a framework for recognizing fundamental human rights under International Law. But how many Americans are aware of this essential document... let alone the 30 articles that it contains? This declaration of basic rights, guaranteed to all human beings, is essential if we are to improve as a human race.

To quote Eleanor Roosevelt:
Basically we could not have peace, or an atmosphere in which peace could grow, unless we recognized the rights of individual human beings... their importance, their dignity... and agreed that was the basic thing that had to be accepted throughout the world.
It is hard to disagree with the fundamental rights guaranteed to human rights described in the UN Declaration of Human Rights.

It is even harder for one to understand the real world consequences of ignoring these rights until one looks at what events are occurring in the world which should be being prevented by this International Document. The most profound violation of human rights in our day in age is the crisis in Sudan; for those who are not familiar with the current conflict in Sudan, a militant group known as the Janjaweed backed by the government of Sudan is currently committing an act of genocide.

Aid workers and human-rights researchers say the violence that has convulsed western Sudan since February 2003, and the ensuing hunger and disease, has killed up to 50,000 people and forced some 1.4 million from their homes. Human-rights groups estimate that thousands more are displaced every week. Hundreds of women have been raped; including 41 in a single episode of gang rape last February in the town of Tawila. (Robinson)
Another profound example of human right violations in the world today are the sweatshops in china where labourers work 16 hour shifts, sometimes longer. The large population of China increases the supply of workers, this creates the perfect atmosphere for ignoring workers rights.
According to Article 23 of the Declaration of Human Rights:
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
The exploitation of lower classes and the outsourcing of jobs is a major part of society today but that does not make it morally justifiable. The importance of these events are obvious, if we are unaware of the consequences of ignoring human rights violations then there is no way that we will ever play an active part in reducing them.

As Americans we are, like it or not, global citizens. The policy's of the U.S. affect the entire world and we are dependent economically in the Middle East and Asia in addition to Europe.
According to Koffi Annan, Former UN Secretary General and winner of 2001 Nobel Peace Prize:
'Today, no walls can separate humanitarian or human rights crises in one part of the world from national security crises in another. What begins with the failure to uphold the dignity of one life all too often ends with a calamity for entire nations
It is easy as Americans to ignore human rights violations because we are often not even aware of them. The mainstream U.S. media tends to filter out information we do not want to hear concerning international politics which include the genocide in Sudan, the Workers Revolution in China and our current conflict in Iraq. But if we ignore these issues we lose our integrity from an international standpoint and end up paying later.

To quote Noam Chomsky:
We're not analyzing the media on Mars or in the eighteenth century or something like that. We're dealing with real human beings who are suffering and dying and being tortured and starving because of policies that we are involved in, we as citizens of democratic societies are directly involved in and are responsible for, and what the media are doing is ensuring that we do not act on our responsibilities, and that the interests of power are served, not the needs of the suffering people, and not even the needs of the American people who would be horrified if they realized the blood that's dripping from their hands because of the way they are allowing themselves to be deluded and manipulated by the system.

As Noam explains, if people realized how much injustice is in the world people would no longer be content with the current system that they find themselves locked into. As I stated before, we have a duty to care about what goes on around us and how it affects us.
Now one encounters a number of dilemmas when encountering human rights issues. One is information. We have a nearly infinite supply of information ranging from local organizations to written material to the Internet. In order to be an informed citizen one must sift through the mess to find a source of news that is not motivated by profit but rather by truth.

As Noam Chomsky gracefully put it:
The media have two basic functions. One is to indoctrinate the elites, to make sure they have the right ideas and know how to serve power. In fact, typically the elites are the most indoctrinated segment of a society, because they are the ones who are exposed to the most propaganda and actually take part in the decision-making process. For them you have the New York Times, and the Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal, and so on. But there’s also a mass media, whose main function is just to get rid of the rest of the population -- to marginalize and eliminate them, so they don’t interfere with decision-making. And the press that’s designed for that purpose isn’t the New York Times and the Washington Post, it’s sitcoms on television, and the National Enquirer, and sex and violence, and babies with three heads, and football, all that kind of stuff
The second dilemma that arises is what one should do with this new found knowledge. There are a number of non-profit organizations focusing on human rights abuses. One of the most prominent ones is Amnesty International, a non-governmental grassroots organization that addresses human rights abuses and organizes actions for specific causes.

According to Amnesty's website:
In pursuit of this vision, [Amnesty Internationals] mission is to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination, within the context of its work to promote all human rights.
Amnesty International is one of many organizations that brings people together to address human rights abuses and make a difference in peoples lives regardless of where they live. Becoming involved and informed in Human Rights Issues takes time and commitment but ensures a better world as time goes on.

All of the topics coincide with each other. You cannot be an informed citizen of the world unless you are familiar with the declaration of human rights. Likewise, you cannot hope to create change if you are not aware of the reasoning behind your actions. Finally, you can never forget why we need to do more to protect the rights of others.

As Federico Mayor put it:
A universal renunciation of violence requires the commitment of the whole of society. These are not matters of government but matters of State; not only matters for the authorities, but for society in its entirety, including civilian, military, and religious bodies. The mobilization which is urgently needed to effect the transition within two or three years from a culture of war to a culture of peace demands co-operation from everyone. In order to change, the world needs everyone.
We are one race of human beings, born equal. I truly hope that as time goes on, we will see an end to the abuse of human rights. One day, children will be born into a world where peace is the norm and everyone works together as equals.'

Hide user accounts on Windows

Hide user accounts on a computer you have access to

Table Of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Getting to the right place
3. Finishing it up
4. Loging In

Part1: Introduction.
So this is my second article for HTS, and this article will be about hiding your user account on XP. Now before you say this is useless (wich it may be if you own your computer) this could potentially havemany good uses. Like if you're parents own the computer and you want to get on but you dont know the password.

Part2: Getting to the right place.
So what to do to solve that? Well of course we turn to the awesome regedit. From there it gets very easy. FOllow this path in regedit. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows
NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList

Part3: Finishing it up.
Now the last thing to do is to left click and add a new DWORD value. The name will be the account you want to hide. Set the value data to zero to hide the accounts.

Part4: Loging In
Now once your on the login screen hit ctrl-alt-del-del. Now just login on that login scren that should have popped up.

Well I hoped that worked

Palm-shaped man-made island

a palm-shaped, man-made island and Dubai's greatest-yet construction project

The first of Dubai's many ongoing mega-projects has literally changed the shape of the United Arab Emirates, re-contouring its coast with a new island mass that has altered sea currents and marred the once unbroken sea view from Dubai's natural beach.

The entire coastal development, led by Dubai government, includes three massive palm-shaped islands along with a cluster of 300 islets built in the shape of a world map. All are built mostly of bright sand dredged up from the seabed.

A few villas at the Jumeira Palm Island in Dubai. The Palm Jumeirah, a 12-square mile island group took 5 years to raise from millions of tons of Persian Gulf sand and quarried rock

Mac vs. PC: Windows

funny how people would do to promote their product

ala maradona Lionel Messi hand of god

Keyboard shortcuts for Web Services

Shorcut for Blogger

When writing a post in ur blog sometimes its more convinient for me to use these shortcut key. Here i want to share with you how its done.

(these shortcuts work when editing posts)

control + b - Bold
control + i - Italic
control + l - Blockquote (when in HTML - mode only)
control + z - Undo
control + y - Redo
control + shift + a - Link
control + shift + p - Preview
control + d - Save as Draft
control + p - Publish Post
control + s - Autosave and keep editing
control + g - Hindi transliteration

Shorcut for Yahoo! mail

m - check mail
Shift+m - check all mail
Ctrl+\ - close current tab
n - new message
Shift+n - new message in its own window
r - reply
Shift+r - reply in a new window
a - reply all
Shift+a - reply all in a new window
f - forward message
Shift+f - forward in a new window
k - mark as read
Shift+k - mark as unread
l - flag
Shift+l - clear flag
del - delete item
p/Ctrl+p - print
Ctrl+s - save draft
Ctrl+Enter - send message
v - turn reading pane on/off
Ctrl+[ - navigate through tabs
Ctrl+] - navigate through tabs
Enter - open message in its own tab (when message is selected)
Enter - edit contact info (when contact is selected)
Ctrl+f - find a word or phrase in message
F11 - expand window to max height
Ctrl+. - next message (in message tab)
Ctrl+, - previous message (in message tab)
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+up arrow/down arrow - next/previous message
Ctrl+Shift+End - skip to oldest unread message
d - move message to folder
Esc - close read - message tab
Ctrl+Shift+End - start a new chat

more keyboard shorcuts here

How to Speed Up Your Firefox

1.Type "about:config" into the address bar and hit return. It should look like the picture below



click to enlarge

2.Scroll down and look for the following entries:
Alter the entries as follows:

Set "network.http.pipelining" to "true"

Set "network.http.proxy.pipelining" to "true"

Set "network.http.pipelining.maxrequests" to some number like 30. This means it will make 30 requests at once.

Set network.http.max-connections: 48

Set network.http.max-connections-per-server: 24

Set network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy: 12

Set network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server: 6

Set network.http.pipelining: true

Set network.http.proxy.pipelining: true

3. Right-click anywhere and select New-> Integer. Name it "nglayout.initialpaint.delay" and set its value to "0". This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it receives.

4. Lastly open Properties shortcut firefox and add word "/prefetch:1 " at the end of the target url
example:
Target .. "C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe" /prefetch:1


click to enlarge

And after that your done.Try it yourself and see the difference

Q n A

So you know about networking?Try answering this question.the answer are here but tyr not to look at it

How does traceroute work? Now how does traceroute make sure that the packet follows the same path that a previous (with ttl - 1) probe packet went in?

See traceroute works using ICMP packets. First source sends an ICMP packet with Time to Live (TTL) field as 1 to the destination address. Now intermediate router receives the packet and sees that TTL field has expired, so it sends a ICMP TTL expired reply. Now the source machine again sends the ICMP packet with TTL field as 2. This time second intermediate router replies. This process is repeated till destination is reached. That way the source can get the entire route up to destination.

How do you do authentication with message digest(MD5)? (Usually MD is used for finding tampering of data)

The unique number will be generated by MD5, if it is tamped with someone, the value will be changed so you know you are tampered

What is ARP and how does it work?

ARP(ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL) is a network layer protocol which associates the physical hardware address of a network node(commonly known as a MAC ADDRESS) to its ip address. now an ARP creates a table known as ARP CACHE/TABLE that maps ip addresses to the hardware addresses of nodes on the local network.

if based on the ip address it sees that it has the node's mac address in its ARP TABLE then transmitting to that ip address is done quicker because the destination is known and voila network traffic is reduced.

Name some routing protocols? (RIP,OSPF etc..)

RIP(ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL)
IGRP( INTERIOR GATEWAY ROUTING PROTOCOL)
EIGRP(ENHANCED INTERIOR GATEWAY ROUTING PROTOCOL)
OSPF (OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST)
BGP( BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL)

What is meant by port blocking within LAN ?

Restricting the users from accessing a set of services within the local area network is called port blocking.

there should be more of these type of questions but i think this is the most common one